Serbian Doctrine of Civil Law Contract Law

Question: Clarify about the 'Hypotheses Of Cause (Consideration) Of Contract In The Serbian Doctrine Of Civil Law After The Adoption Of The Law On Obligations' ? Answer: Presentation: To make a coupling contract, it is significant that all the basics are satisfied. As indicated by the general rule of agreement law express that offer, acknowledgment, thought, free assent and deliberate are the premise of an agreement. In the event that the thought isn't there, the agreement will be treated as void. Then again if, the assent is taken by any sort of pressure, coercion, extortion or deception, the agreement will be considered to the void agreement. But and until both the gatherings are accord promotion idem on an issue, the agreement will be treated as no agreement. Both the gathering must have a similar feeling on something very similar in the indistinguishable cleverness. Thusly, for a real agreement, similarly the proposition and acknowledgment of that proposition must be in concurrence with the law. The thought is the significant part in an agreement. The financial ampleness isn't a fundamental issue, however the thought ought to be adequate in the eye of law. This paper endeavor to recognize the pertinence of thought based on Williams v Roffey Bros. Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd case. The case settles on the idea of thought. This paper endeavors to answer the matter of the significance of thought and its connection with respect to financial pressure. The court, for this situation, found that thought a significant piece of the agreement and he genuine thought can be considered as legitimate and proper thought. Despite the fact that in various going before cases, courts found that the principle of thought became outdated step by step. In the earlier days, an agreement that was acquired by out of line weight or coercion was accepted to be abrogated by the appointed authorities on the premise that the essential significant thing thought was absent there. Be that as it may, in the Williams v Roffey Bros. Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd case, the adjudicators likewise held that money related pressure would be reachable in that cases as a fix to invalided an agreement that was gotten by method of unfairforce or the blackmail. Idea of Economic pressure: Trouble in business correspondence while developing or not building an agreement, have realized approach to partition up until now, a progressively significant convention perceived as the rule of budgetary pressure. The guideline gives us the way that the authorization of the gathering to an understanding can be given, not simply by pointing a gun at them however by harassing the gathering financially. Positive necessities, as against trust guideline and client security laws, host been fortified to safeguard gatherings as of in going into such understanding. Independently from these necessities, judges are likewise holding back agreements go into by unlawful power. DCBuildersvRees, it was concluded that when a people authorization is acquired by coercion, he has the option to keep away from the legally binding terms. Stilk v Myrick is a significant agreement law case that was chosen by the High Court of England with respect to the thought. In this judgment, Lord Ellenboroughdetermined that in legal choice where an individual was obliged to do a duty under a reachable understanding that obligation can't be estimated as material thought for any new understanding. It has been destabilized and overruled by the case ofWilliams v Roffey Bros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd,which suggested that situation recently held by thought could in its place handle by the guideline of monetary coercion. For this situation, the idea of monetary coercion was pleasantly called attention to by the Glidewell LJ. He concluded that Williams had given a legitimately substantial thought despite the fact that he was simply executing an earlier duty. Williams got 3,500 and court guaranteed that the plan ofpromissory estoppelwas not effectively contended. The thought of financial pressure offered reactions to Stilks issue in the decision by this judgment. The authenticity of the agreement will rely upon the specific issue according to the conversation of the case. For a substantial agreement, clearly an individual utilized someone else by execution of an agreement of business. Be that as it may, before the execution, the business has the motivation to question the individual will be unable to achieve the work. The business vows to pay more. The gathering gets the genuine advantage or disservice from that guarantee, and there must have any sort of monetary pressure. The disarray was made by the average folks with respect to the lawful advantages continuing to these decisions of Williams v Roffey. This case put a question mark on the legitimacy of the idea of the thought. The court concludes that nobody reserve the privilege to profit any additional profit by the circumstance after satisfaction of the commitment. Be that as it may, the guideline in the customary law gives the misfortune to this commitment go under the domain of open obligation. So it tends to be referenced that the authentic advantages applied in the social for the situation, the idea of thought should be corrected from its conventional application. Idea of thought: The idea of thought is significant for an instance of agreement. The precise advantage is of most extreme significance. The general standard of agreement law broadcasted that the thought should be legitimately acceptable. The monitory worth is definitely not a determinate factor on account of agreement. Be that as it may, the inquiry lies on the need of the thought and its significance in the advanced time. On account of Williams v Roffey Bros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd, it was concluded that a guarantee is viewed as a satisfactory thought in the ambit of agreement law. The past instance of Stilk v Myrick, as talked about prior the court concludes that anybody obliged to do act a duty under a realistic understanding can't be estimated as pertinent thought for any new understanding. Both of this cases chose n he matter of installment more that than the real guarantee. All in all, both of this case chose conversely. The appointed authorities of the instance of William didn't acknowledges the comprehension of the decision of Stilk v Myrick. The disarray was emerges due to the immense distinction in this two decisions. The irregularity of the indistinguishable laws assists with getting the hypothesis of thought and its adequacy in the cutting edge period. Relevance of the regulation of money related coercion and the thought: The standard of thought is important and appropriate verifiably in pretty much every circumstance in the part of agreement law. Be that as it may, in present day time the pith of this principle lessens. Different tenets lessen the significance of this convention bit by bit like the precept of financial pressure, promissory estoppel, and so on. The idea of monetary pressure is now and again used to adjust the utilization of the convention of thought. The standard was utilized when the superfluous weight was embedded at the hour of the making of the agreement. The coercion was given significance at the hour of the formation of the agreement. That sort of disparities can prompt the awful decisions. This sort of conditions can invalid the idea more. On the off chance that one gathering is in the prevalent position that issue primarily emerges. They exploit from the agreement. By and large in this sort of circumstance substitute sort of thought is required which lead to inconsistency and shamefulness in the judgment. The issue here pronounced about the adequacy and ampleness in the piece of the thought. On the off chance that it is demonstrated that the advantage is a legitimate thought, clearly various adjudicators gangs the distinctive supposition in this comparative issue. The instance of Re Select more Ltd can be contemplated. In this particular case, it was concluded that the affirmation to pay any sum was no viewed as the legitimate thought under the general standard of agreement. However, on account of Penny v Cole is was expressed that part execution or part installment is certifiably not an adequate thought. On account of Collier v P MJ Wright (Holdings) Ltddraws the connection between the estoppel and thought ideas. This case likewise demonstrates the oldness of the standard of thought in the cutting edge idea. On the significant instance of Foakes v. Brew can be examined in this issue. This is an English agreement related decision, which is pertinent the disagreeable previous obligation rule out of sight of branch installments of the unpaid entirety. It considered as the most significant case from theon the lawful idea ofthe guideline of thought in a legally binding perspective. It perceived the guideline that prevents parties from discharging an impulse by the use of part execution. This case confirms the decision of Pinnel's Case. For this situation, the court concludes that installment of littler sum on the due day can't be lead to any endorsement of the whole obligation. Courts took distinctive conclusion in this issue with respect to the appropriateness of the idea of thought. The court gives the need to the lawfully endorsed agreement under the seal of the court. In the event that the seal of the court is available, it gives scarcely any significance to the issue of thought. In current angle, it very well may be guaranteed that the convention tenet is out of date or obsolete. Positive and negative impacts: Subsequent to experiencing the various choices taken by the courts in this regard, presently, an endeavor will be made to assess and comprehend if these alternatives are really feasible or not. The regulation of coercion in contract gives that if any illicit or uncalled for pressure is unlawfully put on any individual while he is going to go into any agreement, at that point, such an understanding can't be authorized upon him. Along these lines, on the off chance that this precept of coercion is applied on reasonable and legitimized conditions, at that point, by and large, it is just the more vulnerable gathering that gets the security under the lawful terms. Be that as it may, in a larger part of the I

Foreign Nations Intervention in Civil Wars Essay

The occasions in history had seen numerous common wars that occurred in different pieces of the world. Common wars are characterized as â€Å"violent struggle between sorted out gatherings inside a country† (Fearon, 2006). Being the situation, it is flawed concerning why remote countries mediated with such sort of household undertakings. The intercession of outside countries involves a particular explanation or motivation in their part, which is the fundamental driver with regards to why they partake in the common wars of different nations. Outside countries mediation in common wars are strikingly perceptible in three occasions in the past to be specific the common wars in Korea during the 1950s, Vietnam Civil war during the 1960s, and the Afghanistan Civil War during the 1980s. Common War The importance of common war clarifies that it should just included the residents of a specific country. The clashing gatherings that are existing inside the nation could be at least two activist gatherings battling with one another. The wellspring of difference could likewise originate from the political pressure among the current government and some regular citizen bunches that doesn't concur with how the administration runs things and execute approaches. James D. Fearon (2006) upheld this meaning of common war when he contended that common war relates to brutal clashes among sorted out gatherings found inside a nation. The purposes for such contradiction could be credited to the battle over the situation of intensity in the administration, one group’s rebel destinations, or a specific strategy actualized by the legislature that caused contact and division among its residents. A furnished battle would possibly be considered as a common war when there are 1,000 dead that likewise prompts a high measure of provincial revolts despite the fact that not strongly fierce or upsetting. Besides, Fearon underscored that political objectives is the essential attribute of a common war, if at any time there are different thought processes, for example, retribution or contempt then it couldn't be considered all things considered. 1950s Civil Wars in Korea The Korean common war could be ascribed to the diverse the ideological convictions among North and South Korea. North Korea sticks to socialism while then again South Korea puts stock in majority rules system. Because of this distinction, the division of Korea occurred that isolated them between the socialist North and the fair South. Korea used to be possessed by Japan however it has been isolated into word related zones after the occasion of the World War II. The United States of America acknowledged the thrashing and demonstration of give up by the Japanese in Southern Korea. Likewise, the powers of the Soviet Union additionally did likewise act in the northern piece of Korea. What is by all accounts an impermanent division becomes lasting when the Soviet Union helped in building up a socialist guideline in North Korea while the United States ensure that they bolstered the South Korea through money related and military guide (â€Å"Korean War†, n. d. ). On 25 June 1950, North Korea attacked South Korea through an amazed assaulted that got the South Korean armed force just as few U. S. powers inattentive that makes their intrusion of the capital city of Seoul simpler. Only a few days after this attack the United States of America push for an UN goals that would give military guide to South Korea. In accordance with this, President Harry Truman through this goals worked under the United Nations â€Å"police actions† towards the North Korean intruders (â€Å"Korean War†, n. d. ). The impact of the United States had turned around the circumstance, the South Korean powers along with the U. S. powers assaulted North Korea. All things considered, this choice of intrusion invigorated different gatherings to intercede. In the late 1950, the powers of the socialist China additionally made their essence felt in the war, which brought about a vicious and grisly equipped battle (â€Å"Korean War†, n. d. ). As indicated by the Naval Historical Center (2001), this rough contest went on for over three years. In the end, the war finished in 1953 when the United States and North Korea end the war by consenting to a truce arrangement. Be that as it may, this understanding kept on separating North and South Korea at nearly the equivalent geological bit. The investment of remote nations like the United States of America and China represents the personal stakes of these two countries. One of the significant things that must be considered in this circumstance is the way that the virus war is as of now being felt during this time. The opposition between the idea of vote based system that is driven by the U. S. what's more, the possibility of socialism through the initiative of the Soviet coalition is seen through this common war in Korea. The United States bolstered South Korea since they regard that not doing so would result for the north to add them into their socialist belief system. In a similar way, the Soviet Union offers help to North Korea as a result of they didn't need this domain to be under the U. S. impact. Significantly other socialist nations like China additionally interceded in the circumstance so as to help North Korea. This affirmation is demonstrated when the Korean War was considered as the beginning of the hot, vicious, and costly virus war (Naval Historical Center, 2001). The detailed losses in this common war added up to the demise of 55,000 American soldiers. This war was esteemed as a â€Å"limited war† on account of the objective of the United States to only shield South Korea from being attacked by the socialist North. The U. S. had no goal of crushing the adversary and for this situation the reprobates are North Korea along with different nations that help socialism (â€Å"Korean War†, n. d. ). 1960s Vietnam War The Vietnam War is additionally another case of a common war wherein the mediation of outside nations has been recognizable. This war additionally exemplified how clashes inside a nation was disturbed because of the interests of others. In accordance with this, this common war additionally exemplified how the Cold War is occurring during that time. The causes of the Vietnam War occurred in 1954 when the Vietnamese Nationalist and the Vietminh armed force that was driven by socialists crushed the French at Dienbienphu. The French had to built up North Vietnam as a socialist while leaving South Vietnam as non-socialist. Nonetheless, this didn't agree with the United States of America particularly after President Harry Truman upheld France in keeping up its Indochina settlement, which made out of Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam through financial and military guide. The U. S. government drove by President Dwight D. Eisenhower chose to set up a country just as a political apparatus in South Vietnam. He made an administration that supplanted the French and furthermore conveyed military counselors so as to prepare the military of South Vietnam. Besides, the U. S. likewise educated its Central Intelligence Agency to apply mental fighting towards North Vietnam (Rotter, 1999). The organization of President Lyndon B. Johnson had completely dedicated the nation into war when the Congress permitted the Tonkin Golf Resolution, which made ready for the constant air besieging of the U. S. to South Vietnam. This activity affirmed that the United States was undoubtedly at war (Rotter, 1999). The succeeding president, Richard Nixon, executed the possibility of Vietnamization wherein he requested the withdrawal of American soldiers that gave South Vietnam a more prominent job in the fight for this common war. Be that as it may, he put forth the attempt to debilitate North Vietnam by sending American powers in Cambodia to crush the gracefully bases (Digital History, n. d. ). During 1968 to 1973, tact was used in endeavors of completion the war. In January 1973, an understanding were made that came about for the U. S. withdrawal in Vietnam and the discharged of U. S. detainees. In the end, in April 1975 Vietnam was joined as one nation when South Vietnam gave up toward the North (Digital History, n. d. ). The intercession of the United States in the Vietnam War is a push to battle the main thrust of socialism on the planet, which is the North Vietnam’s government drove by Ho Chi Minh. For the Americans, the foe is socialism since this philosophy oppose everything the U. S. maintains. The possibility of opportunity, human rights, unhindered commerce, and most particularly the idea of majority rules system are damaged by socialism. This push to battle socialism is obviously observed when President John F. Kennedy bolstered the counterinsurgency war wherein he sent 400 Green Beret officers so as to prepared the South Vietnamese how to battle and in the long run battle the socialist guerrillas of North Vietnam (Rotter, 1999). Moreover, Rotter (1999) additionally contended that the United States trusts in the domino hypothesis wherein if at any point a specific nation in a district would stick to socialism then different countries would likewise go with the same pattern simply like a falling domino. This is the specific thought the U. S. needed to forestall, which is the reason they took an interest in the Vietnam War since they regard that in the event that the entire Vietnam would follow socialism, at that point in the long run different nations in Southeast Asia would likewise do likewise. According to this, another explanation is the goal of the U. S. for different nations to follow the way of vote based system and distinguish themselves as individual from the free states. The U. S. endeavors in doing so was seen when the U. S. gave financial and military guide to France so as to keep up its Indochina settlements. They likewise utilized a similar thought of the domino hypothesis that on the off chance that nations would see the improvement of France and its states, at that point in the long run they would picked vote based system rather than socialism. 1980s Afghanistan Civil War The accomplished of Afghanistan during its common war during the 1980s is additionally like the occasions that occurred in Korea and Vietnam. Outside nations likewise mediated in this common war. This association of different nations could be seen through the occasions of the war wherein their commitment to the furnished battle additionally connotes

12 Personal Finance Twitter Accounts You Should Follow Today

12 Personal Finance Twitter Accounts You Should Follow Today 12 Personal Finance Twitter Accounts to Follow Today! 12 Personal Finance Twitter Accounts to Follow Today!We know. You want to learn more about personal finance, but you just don’t know where to start! Never fear. In addition to all the great personal finance resources available at OppLoans.com, we also have a list of twelve awesome accounts that you can follow on Twitter.There is a wealth of smart, sound financial wisdom right at your fingertips. All you need to do is click.@DistilledDollarTwitter Bio: From earning a living to building wealth. A CPA fiancée distilling $$ topics down on our path to financial independence by age 35.What We Say: Chicago (and also forming sustainable personal finance habits) represent!@WiseBreadTwitter Bio: Personal Finance and Frugal Living Portal. Tweets by Ashley Jacobs (@CollegeCents)What We Say: Get tips and wisdom from a whole slew of amazing personal finance writers and experts. One of the best in the biz!@CentSaiTwitter Bio: CentSai is a group of  #Millennial  Finance experts teaching personal finance through stories.What We Say: We love personal finance. We love stories. We love Centsai. Check out our interview with Centsai Senior Advisor Beth Tallman!@CentSaiAdultingTwitter Bio: Be So Money, Your Finances Are Jealous.What We Say: Adulting is hard, ya’ll. But with these fine folks, you can adult better.@MoneyTiperoTwitter Bio: Personal finance tips including saving, budgeting, investing and dealing with debt. Share your own money tip! http://tiperosity.com/sign_up  What We Say: If you like ‘em short and sweet, then this is the account for you!@The_Budget_MomTwitter Bio: Accredited Financial Counselor ® Helping real women live on a real budget.What We Say: Wonderful advice here about how to save and how to live.@ThePennyHoarderTwitter Bio: The Penny Hoarder is one of the worlds largest personal finance websites with 10+ million monthly readers.What We Say: If you were going to read only one personal finance website, this might just be the one.@FinFitandFabTwitter Bio : I help millennials kick their finances into shape! Freelance writer VA for hire.What We Say: Great advice. Great writing. Great stuff!@TheBudgetnistaTwitter Bio: Americas favorite financial educator #1 bestselling author: The One Week Budget. HuffPost blogger. Seen on: TODAY/ MSNBC/ TIME/ NYTimes/ FORBES/ ReutersWhat We Say: A gateway to all of the spectacular advice that Tiff the Budgetnista has to offer.@MllnnlbudgetTwitter Bio: #PersonalFinance  Blogger | Dividend Investor | MBA | Tax Accountant | Caribbean Born | Millennial AdvocateWhat We Say: Sound advice to help millennials (an anyone!) get their finances under control.@StefanieOconnelTwitter Bio: #PersonalFinance  expert. Helping #millennials  master their  #money  so they can build lives and careers on THEIR terms.  http://stefanieoconnell.com  What We Say: Expert wisdom that is expertly given.@mnmlstfinanceTwitter Bio: #blogger  at Minimalist Finance | architecture grad | Im passionate about paying off $40k in debt and inspiring others to do the sameWhat We Say: This fantastic site combines personal finance insight with Amanda’s personal mission to become debt free.And of course, if you don’t follow us already, make sure you do that: You can find us at @OppLoans.Happy Tweeting!

Synthesis Essay - Steve Jobs - 1955 Words

Synthesis Essay – Steve Jobs MSgt Paul A. Barentine Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy Steve Jobs Can you imagine a world without Buzz Lightyear, Nemo, or Lightning McQueen? They may never have come to life without Steve Jobs. His vision led to the creation of the iPhone, iPod, and iPad. Could you imagine the same man who was so visionary was also unethical? He was a man who belittled his employees. He treated them with disrespect and had little tolerance for intellectual empathy. He relied on emotive content and bully tactics to achieve results. Steve Jobs was a Visionary Leader and an Unethical Leader. This claim will be expanded by exploring how Jobs took Apple from the brink of failing to one of the†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, his persistence in his pursuit of the Macintosh eventually led to him being fired from the very company he founded. In 1983, Apple was worth eight dollars a share. When Jobs was fired from Apple, the company’s value dropped to under two dollars per share (Elmer-DeWitt, 2012). Jobs didn’t let being fired from Apple slow him down. As described in the student guide, Team Dynamics lesson, Jobs was a Creator (BCEE, 2016b). He believed in the possibilities of technology. As a Creator, he wasn’t afraid of boundaries. He went on to create Pixar Entertainment. Pixar become respected by creating films like Toy Story and Finding Nemo. While Jobs was focused on creating his next success, his former company was dwindling. In 1996, Apple realized they needed Jobs back. The company was at the brink of shutting down. Why would a company want back the very person they tossed aside? According to Tim Cook, the current CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs had â€Å"the courage to admit he was wrong, and to change†. Cook also asserted Jobs â€Å"wasn’t beholden to anything except a set of core values† (Schlender, 2015) which ultimately drove his success. His values and vision were needed to save Apple. Upon his return to Apple, Jobs reversed the company’s course and returned its vision back to where he originally saw it in 1985. He scrapped all unnecessary projects and set his focus on the iMac and iPod. These products were whatShow MoreRelatedTaoism And The Philosophy Of Tai Chi Chuan1482 Words   |  6 PagesTaoism spread. 4) http://www.artic.edu/taoism/menu.php Taoism and the Arts of China (Art Institute of Chicago). Taoism and the Arts of China (Art Institute of Chicago). N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2015. Not very much synthesis here but there is a large amount of raw material. Short essays, art, maps, and other such resources may prove helpful. 5) http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/taoism/ BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2015. A guide to the ancient religious philosophy of Taoism. 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Gap Analysis - 1369 Words

SWOT and competition analysis Brand identity and position Target market Core/target consumer Product and price categories Distribution How the brand adapt from its origin to the Chinese marketing and how did the company leverage its brand equity SWOT analysis Strength 1. Strong marketing team and mature digital marketing Internet stores connect well with stores, you can change your clothes in stores no matter which way you buy it(internet or go to the store) 2. American casual style and has abundant products which is suitable for all age. 3. Humanism service such as help customer modifies the size, only UNIQLO and gap produce this service. 4. Good reputation When we talked about gap, most of Chinese always think that is a fashion†¦show more content†¦GAP Marketing Department Manager said that gap wants to use simple style to create different styles belong to different people. The style of GAP is fresh and relax, although in recent years gap misses a lot of consumers, they still won a lot of loyal consumers because of simple design, high quality fabric and all-match Version (especially the pants). Compared with other fast fashion brands, we could find a lot of problems which will restrict the development of gap, such as long lead time, quantity of stores and the price. Luckily, We can find similar with UNIQLO, most of products in gap are very basic, so they don’t have to be as fast as ZARA or Hamp;M. Whereas, UNIQLO did much better than gap in China. UNIQLO came into China in 2002, 8 years longer than gap and has 335 stores. Another important thing is the price UNIQLO, Hamp;M, ZARA and other fast fashion brands are growing so fast, influenced by these brands, consumers’ demand for lower price are increasing. 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Poverty and Homelessness in the United States Free Essays

string(79) " will be an explored and better understood reality that all Americans witness\." Poverty and Homelessness in the United States Poverty in America is a subject that though everybody recognizes is existent, most do not pay attention to very often. In 2010 the poverty line for a family of four was $22,314. 00 and 15. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty and Homelessness in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1% of Americans were living off of less than that (Tavernise, 2011). While 15. 1% is a high number to begin with, the truth is that many more people are living on the verge of homelessness. Countless families are split up every night with children going to a friend’s house or an extended family member’s house to ensure that everyone has somewhere to sleep. These people are called the â€Å"hidden homeless† by the Charlotte Observer (Whitesides, 2011). Even more people are either living in tent cities or in their cars all around the United States. The events that lead to homelessness range from drug abuse to being laid off from a career because of a poor economy; but sadly the former makes it seem as if everyone who is homeless is in their situation because of their own faults. Many people who are approached by someone who is homeless or sees them panhandling for money hesitate to offer money because of the discourse that all homeless people are alcoholics and drug abusers. Unfortunately, the truth is that â€Å"many adults panhandle on corners for money to pay for a cheap motel room so that their children can have a warm place to sleep for the night† (Whitesides, 2011). Through this essay, the topic of homelessness and poverty in America will be explored by understanding some of the causes that have contributed to poverty throughout history and how the homeless are coping with their situation. Hundreds of people all around the city of Seattle, Washington are homeless or living in their cars. In Ballard alone, there are an estimated 150 people living in their cars (Thompson, 2011). A new program in January is to begin, opening up church parking lots in Ballard for up to five cars to spend the night somewhere safe. All who want to spend the night in the parking lots must apply and be screened which is a task that the state and city combined granted $30,000 towards (Thompson, 2011). So far, Redeemer’s Lutheran Church has stepped up to host the homeless in cars decided by a unanimous decision in September (Thompson, 2011). While people all across the United States are visibly poor, like those who are living in their cars, many others are suffering just as well with the stress of not knowing whether or not they ill have a roof over their head at night. Many of these people are teenagers who either do not have parents who can support them, are too old for foster care, have mental-health issues, or have been evicted from their homes (Whitesides, 2011). These teenagers are ones who go bounce from friend to friend sleeping at their houses every night because the y have no other place to go. The homeless problem is one that is growing worse and worse as the years go on. In 2010 46. 2 million people were living below the poverty line which is the highest number in the past 52 years (Tavernise, 2011). Economists say that joblessness is the main cause of poverty in America (Tavernise, 2011). 48 million people between the ages of 18 and 64 did not work even one week of the whole year, which is up three million from 2009 (Tavernise, 2011). While maintaining a job and progressing through a company is hard enough with a college degree, full-time male workers with no college degrees on average have made no progress (Tavernise, 2011). Of the 46. 2 million Americans living below the poverty line, 20. 5 million are surviving off of less than half of the $22,314. 0 poverty line. To save money, many Americans are cutting as many costs as they can in their daily lives. One of these costs, unfortunately, is insurance. The number of uninsured Americans increased by 900,000 to 49. 9 million people (Tavernise, 2011). In Gaston County, North Carolina community meetings are held focused on finding ways to help those who are having a hard time financially. At these meetings suggestions are made such as, donating houses to be used by families, becoming a foster parent, and if in the position to, create jobs in the community. While reading about homelessness through the media, one must be sure to realize that even the articles written include discourses and also that they omit details in order to keep the attention of the readers. In Seattle the program that is to allow people living in cars to spend the night in church parking lots seems like a great idea that will help out dozens of people. Something to consider though, is the fact that many people are not willing to open up a safe haven, such as a church, to potentially dangerous. Even though many people try to go through their days without judging people, it is inevitable to have discourses towards people. In America people grow up hearing stories about how if you give a homeless person money that he or she will most likely use it on beer or drugs. These discourses need to be eliminated in order for the country’s problem to be solved. The United States is known as a country full of opportunities, a place where anyone can succeed but behind that visage is a reality that is becoming worse and worse as time goes on. While people go throughout their days pretending that everyone lives a comfortable life in a warm home, the truth is that at any given moment there are thousands of Americans who are homeless. Problems that have been existent since the beginning of the United States have contributed to this ever-growing problem that is prominent now. Through a political economic analysis of the history of the United States, homelessness will be an explored and better understood reality that all Americans witness. You read "Poverty and Homelessness in the United States" in category "Papers" Prior to World War II, the United States was going through the Great Depression in which the economy crashed leaving millions without jobs. The start of World War II created many jobs and brought the country out of the depression. Later, the Vietnam War and the Cold War took a toll on the United States economy. Because the United States had to spend so much money on these wars, the country printed more money than they had gold to back it up. To solve the issue, President Richard Nixon removed the United States off of the gold standard, dropping the value of the US dollar. The effects of Nixon’s decision were increases of oil prices by 400% by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and stagflation. During IDL 3, the United States increased interest rates to counter inflation which caused extreme debt in developing nations. While taking the United States economy was improving from the removal of the gold standard, there was still a problem of distribution of wealth within the country. Since the 1920s the top 1% of wealth holders in the United States held 30% of the total household sector wealth, leaving the bottom 99% with only 70% (Keister Moller, 2000). Through the years the division of wealth distribution only grew wider. In 1989 the top 1% held 38. 9% of the total household wealth. The division between the top 1% of wealth holders in the United States and everyone else is so drastic that although the GDP per capita in 2010 was $47,184 it does not accurately portray the mass majority of individuals who live with far less money than that in 2010 (GDP per capita (current US$), 2010). When separated into five sections, the top quintile consists of about 85% of the total wealth and 50% of the total family income of the country (Keister Moller, 2000). Another contributor to homelessness in the United States, along with uneven distribution of wealth, is the outsourcing of American Jobs overseas. Between 2000 and 2004 more than 2. 5 million American jobs were lost due to outsourcing jobs to India (Chithelen, 2004). No longer are only blue-collar, manual labor jobs being shipped off to other countries, but also white-collar and professional jobs. This movement of jobs has left many Americans unemployed and without many options. These groups of people, who may have once been part of the top 1% of the country, are now in the bottom with no source of income. The corporate businesses outsourcing are doing so because they know that in countries such as India workers can be found for much cheaper than those in the United States. Cutting losses and raising profit are the benefits that top executives look towards as they will use the saved money as larger bonuses for themselves (Chithelen, 2004). The jobs that international employees are taking from Americans are in the IT field and many workers, especially from India, are finding themselves having to move back home because the jobs they have are being outsourced for cheaper labor (Chithelen, 2004). It is estimated that by 2014 approximately 3. 3 million American business service jobs will be outsourced. The result of outsourcing and the uneven wealth distribution are that many people are left without jobs and no way to pay for a home. In 1988 68,0000 children were homeless and 186,000 children were living at a friend’s or extended relative’s home (Lewit Baker, 1996). While those numbers are high, there is no doubt that 23 years later those numbers will be much higher. These economic factors and homelessness have much to do with inequality. Because the distribution of wealth is so great, it makes it extremely difficult for people on the bottom who are poor to get anywhere successful. People with money have power and the top executives of the big corporations have the power to take the jobs away from hard-working Americans to save a couple of dollars, which in the end will return to the executives, by outsourcing to countries overseas. Because the United States is a Global North county that is part of the OECD, it often times takes responsibility over Global South countries that do not have as many resources as opportunities. The United States has many large corporations that have the ability to create jobs overseas like how they are when they outsource jobs to places like India. Though it is worsening the situation in America, many of opportunities have opened up for people in Global South countries. Media often times discusses homelessness in America through a sympathetic viewpoint. In the articles used for this paper, a majority of the blame for people being homeless is pointed towards the poor job market rather than the laziness of the people stuck in the situation. Poverty in America is a problem that is not just one on the national level, but also locally. Cities such as Seattle have hundreds of homeless citizens who get walked past every day without anybody noticing. In today’s society seeing homeless people on the sidewalks and under underpasses is the sadly the norm. Those living in poverty and who are homeless get tagged with the discourse by many people that they are in their situation because of their own faults; that they are alcohol or drug abusers, are poor workers, or are lazy members of society who want to bum off everyone else who works for a living. The truth is, as showed through this paper, that many of those who are homeless are in their situation because they have lost their job to a wide array of reasons or because they were never able to find a job in the first place. As displayed through the political economic analysis, many jobs in the United States have been and will continue to be lost to workers in overseas countries such as India. In these other countries, large corporations are able to find workers for just a fraction of the cost of workers in America. To go along with the outsourcing of jobs, the distribution of wealth in the United States is extremely uneven. With the top 1% of wealth holders in the United States held 30% of the total household sector wealth; the middle and lower-class citizens have very little power. The top 1% just so happen to be the people who have say in how large corporations are going to run and whether or not they want cheap, unethical, sweatshop labor overseas. The amount of poverty and homelessness that is existent in the United States is both overwhelming and extremely disappointing. Many families who thought of themselves as well-off very quickly had their lives flipped around during the past few years as the economy took a turn for the worst. Because of the poor economy, many employers look for ways to cut costs and one of their solutions is to fire employees. In 2004 more than 2. 5 million jobs were sent overseas and taken from American workers. The sudden loss of work has left more Americans in poverty than there have been in 52 years. Through the analysis of this issue, hopefully the issue of homelessness will be one that is less ignored on a daily basis. Hopefully in the upcoming years more people will step up to help in the same way that Redeemer’s Lutheran Church has chosen to open their parking lot to those who live in their cars. Bibliography GDP per capita (current US$). (2010). Retrieved 12 6, 2011, from The World Bank: http://data. worldbank. org/indicator/NY. GDP. PCAP. CD Chithelen, I. (2004). Outsourcing to India: Causes, Reaction and Prospects. Economic and Political Weekly, 1022-1024. Keister, L. A. , Moller, S. (2000). Wealth Inequality in the United States. Annual Review of Sociology, 63-81. Lewit, E. M. , Baker, L. S. (1996). Homeless Families and Children. The Future of Children, 146-158. Tavernise, S. (2011, 09 13). Soaring Povert Casts Spotlight on ‘Lost Decade’. Retrieved 12 08, 2011, from The New York Times: http://www. nytimes. com/2011/09/14/us/14census. html? pagewanted=all Thompson, L. (2011, 11 24). Seattle may Help Homless Car Campers. Retrieved 12 05, 2011, from The Seattle Times: http://seattletimes. nwsource. com/html/localnews/2016849799_carcamping25m. html Whitesides, S. (2011, 11 07). ‘Hidden Homeless’ are Growing in Gaston County. Retrieved 12 05, 2011, from Charlotte Observer: http://www. charlotteobserver. com/2011/11/27/2797440/hidden-homeless-are-growing-in. html How to cite Poverty and Homelessness in the United States, Papers

Oppressed Rights by the Oppressive Regime in Margaret Atwood’s the Handmaid’s Tale Essay Essay Example

Oppressed Rights by the Oppressive Regime in Margaret Atwood’s the Handmaid’s Tale Essay Essay Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale delves good into the horrid nature of utmost control and immoral restrictions in specifying the corrupt theocratic authorities at big. and more specifically the consequence this control has on the society’s adult females. In an age in which a freshly emerged and unmerciful governmental system called the Republic of Gilead has â€Å"put life back to the in-between ages. † sparked by a widespread terror of sterility. personal freedom and individualism have become unthinkably decreased ( Genny 1 ) . Handmaids selected to populate in the houses of affluent. well-respected twosomes go through a life wholly designed by the authorities for the exclusive intent of bearing kids. Caught between following the rigorous regulations made for adult females by the Republic and interrupting them in secret for the interest of her saneness. the supporter Offred basically but non purposefully offers close to nil for her society’s benefit. Not allowed to read. compose. talk her ideas or even look another in the oculus. the most she can offer proves to be occasional. well-monitored food market errands and the little possibility of supplying the gift of life for an elect Commanding officer and his Wife. Parallel to a dystopia in which Offred has been stripped of the most simplistic allowances. adult females in today’s assorted Middle Eastern societies find comparatively equal trouble in using their strengths due to the terrible suppression and forced construction of their day-to-day lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Oppressed Rights by the Oppressive Regime in Margaret Atwood’s the Handmaid’s Tale Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Oppressed Rights by the Oppressive Regime in Margaret Atwood’s the Handmaid’s Tale Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Oppressed Rights by the Oppressive Regime in Margaret Atwood’s the Handmaid’s Tale Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Regardless of the changing context of these two scenarios. they both present themselves problematically in visible radiation of women’s personal battle to lend in society—in both Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and the modern Middle East. apparently unethical yet utmost theocratic authorities exercises illustrations of such radically unformed control over its people that the development and demeaning of the natural rights of adult females become prevailing. But on what evidences should the male citizens of the Republic of Gilead and those in today’s foreign communities be granted more release and chance while the adult females are held more confined of their ain independency? As Offred finds herself trapped in such an unreasonably restrained living state of affairs. she instinctively recognizes the current deficiency of available free will because she one time knew what freedom looked and felt like. For illustration. in resistance of her preparation as a servant with the Aunts. she can non assist but roll her ind back to the pre-Republic yearss â€Å"thousands of old ages before. † when she and fellow females could really travel to school and ticker â€Å"movies of the remainder of the world† that even included â€Å"dancing [ . ] vocalizing. ceremonial masks. [ and music ] . † clearly taking topographic point in a land where â€Å"people†¦were happy† ( Atwood 118 ) . Offred every bit good as other servants in her topographic point necessarily endure within their world by seeking to keep a appreciation on the memories of such privileges they one time took for granted. such as existent telecasting to advance quality instruction. Alternatively of populating the of course broad life of chance that was one time available to Offred and existed in her place and school life. such a vision has been taken off by the authorities and exists now merely in her memory. as the Aunts present to her and the other possible servants a government-approved movie with â€Å"the rubric and [ few ] names blacked out†¦with a crayon so [ they ] couldn’t read them†Ã¢â‚¬â€another illustration of a farcical restraint. reading. that could hold instilled fruitful possibilities in the head of a adult female ( Atwood 119 ) . In add-on. as if the remembrance of commissioned instruction and other past events were non plenty a cause of yearning. Offred besides recalls the fearless. authorising liquors of her late loved ones—particularly her female parent whom she spots in the movie. â€Å"wearing the sort of outfit Aunt Lydia told [ the servants ] was typical of Unwomen in those days† while â€Å"smiling. laughing†¦and raising [ her ] fists in the air† ( Atwood 119 ) . To witness such a wild and free spirit in action. that one time was allowed for adult females but has been officially banned by the extremist Christian followerss of the Republic of Gilead. doubtless sparks a deep enticement within servants to arise against this authorization bring downing such â€Å"unacceptable losingss of rational liberty† ; nevertheless. such a enticement proves to be a challenge to prosecute for some adult females today ( Tolan 1 ) . While the initial instructions of Islam attempted to better life conditions for Muslim adult females by allowing them some of the same rights as work forces in the 7th century. adult females become incapable of backing these rights when their society efforts to implement the â€Å"laws† of the Islamic faith. described by the Columbia University professors who wrote At the Crossroads of the World: Womans in the Middle East: Today. many Muslim adult females do non hold the chance to bask rights one time considered theirs by their faith. Womans may be unaware of their rights or live in societies where these rights have been misinterpreted or misrepresented by persons in power ( be it the province. civilization. or household ) . In Moslem states around the universe. there is a cardinal difference between what is prescribed by spiritual texts and what is really practiced. a gulf between the ideal and the existent ( Esposito 1998. thirteen ) . Frequently. the supposedly ‘religiously grounded’ limitations placed on adult females within certain societies have small or nil to make with the instructions of Islam. More frequently they are a map of socioeconomic and political factors. Recent illustrations of such limitations included Taliban-controlled Afghanistan. which prohibited adult females from having medical attending from males and placed other limitations on their motion in public ( Revolutionary Association of the Women in Afghanistan ) ( Crocco. Pervez. and Katz 110 ) . At most. these adult females are granted with the semblance that they possess legitimate freedoms. when in actuality their authorities prohibits this executing with the false justification that it merely conforms to the Islamic faith. The servants and all adult females likewise governed by the Republic of Gilead correspondingly must follow the regulations of the government that claims to be runing in the name of the Christian religion in an effort to formalize its restrictive kernel. Therefore. no inquiry exists as to how Offred becomes â€Å"increasingly foolhardy with her actions and behaviours. † or to why in the terminal â€Å"there is the strong possibility that her foolhardiness has cost her her life† ( Genny 1 ) . Most decidedly does Offred’s state of affairs come off as unjust when she eventually experiences a little gustatory sensation of the natural freedom she one time had but still deserves. Because it is evidently an â€Å"oasis of the forbidden. † she has to coerce herself to â€Å"hold†¦absolutely rigid† when the Commander invites her into his out-of-bounds personal sod to play a game of Scrabble. something harmless. yet banned. Despite â€Å" [ T ] he fact that [ she’s ] terrified. † Offred still recognizes that â€Å"this is freedom [ ; ] an eyeblink of it. † as if â€Å"he were offering her drugs† ( Atwood 138-139 ) . While Atwood implies in her novel that â€Å"feminist Utopianism can non avoid the contamination of dictatorship. † she employs the construct of rebelliousness in that Offred can nurture her natural inclinations to really bask herself through interrupting the regulations ( Tolan 30 ) . Similarly for the adult females in Iraq. the Ba’ath Party that emerged in 1963 sought commissariats for women’s equality. including the autonomies of instruction and employment ; nevertheless. outside the major urban centre of Baghdad. â€Å"the society still relegated Iraqi adult females to a really inferior place vis-a-vis men† ( Brown and Romano 1 ) . To keep two next communities with such contrasting ways of regulating adult females is arguably beliing and hence. a cause for concern. Ultimately. adult females have simplistically natural rights that ought non to be rendered in the least. particularly by illicit theocratic authoritiess. Under no fortunes are the rights to believe. determination. reading. and composing. among many others. capable of being outlawed justifiably. regardless of gender. With such autonomies. adult females carry great possible in lending to society. despite the possibility of sterility or radically spiritual devotion—and in a batch of instances. that part can be imperative. Today in Iraq. a adult female can non have private belongings or keep any position. while forced to give up her instruction and get married a alien. However. adult females still make up 65 % per centum of the population. and do up 70 % of the agricultural work force ( Al-Jawaheri and Harris ) . Though they continue to contend for the equal rights and intervention they deserve while accepting their low fortunes. the important importance of allowing adult females this moral approval remains strong.

Testing of the Melting Points of p-dichlorobenzene Essays

Testing of the Melting Points of p-dichlorobenzene Essays Testing of the Melting Points of p-dichlorobenzene Paper Testing of the Melting Points of p-dichlorobenzene Paper Melting point temperature is a physical property of pure substances. It is an intensive property, which means the amount of material tested is irrelevant. This lab will determine the melting point temperatures of two known pure substances, naphthalene and p-dishonorable, using micro-sized quantities and a capillary melting tube apparatus. The percent error will then be calculated y comparing the experimental value to the known literature value. Results: In Table 1 on the next page, it shows the literature value melting points for p- dishonorable and naphthalene. While observing p-disorderlinesss we noticed it started melting at 54. 60 C; As for naphthalene we noticed it started melting at 80. 3 0 C. We kept watching closely until p-dishonorable finished melting or clearing at 54. 20 C (Recorded in Table 2); Naphthalene finished melting at 80. 90 C. We then used the finishing melting point and the literature value melting point and plugged it in the % error formula. Discussions: Why should each sample be tightly packed into the capillary tube prior to testing? Each sample should be tightly packed into the capillary tube because air spaces affect the melting point. Why should the heating rate during the melting point determinations be as slow as 2 to 3 degrees C per minute? The heating rate should be as slow as 2 to 3 degrees Celsius per minute because the thermometer would read more accurately. A slow heating rate allows the transfer of heat from the heating block to the water to the thermometer to be more accurate.

Understanding Americas Digital Divide

Understanding America's Digital Divide While America’s once vast digital divide is narrowing, the gap between groups of people who have those who lack access to computers and the internet persists, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau. What is the Digital Divide? The term â€Å"digital divide† refers to the gap between those who have easy access to computers and the internet and those who do not due to various demographic factors. Once referring mainly to the gap between those with and without access to information shared via telephones, radios, or televisions, the term is now used mainly to describe the gap between those with and without internet access, particularly high-speed broadband. Despite having some level of access to digital information and communication technologies, various groups continue to suffer the limitations of the digital divide in the form of lower-performance computers and slower, unreliable internet connections such as dial-up. Making quantifying the information gap even more complex, the list of devices used to connect to the internet has grown from basic desktop computers to include devices such as laptops, tablets, smartphones, MP3 music players, video gaming consoles, and electronic readers. No longer simply a question of having access or not, the digital divide is now best described as â€Å"who connects to what and how?† Or as Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Ajit Pai described it, the gap between â€Å"those who can use cutting-edge communications services and those who cannot.† Drawbacks of Being in the Divide Persons without access to computers and the internet are less able to fully take part in America’s modern economic, political and social life. Perhaps most significantly, children who fall into the communication gap lack access to modern educational technology such as internet-based distance learning. Access to broadband internet has become increasingly important in carrying out simple day-to-day chores like accessing health information, online banking, choosing a place to live, applying for jobs, looking up government services, and taking classes. Just as when the problem was first recognized and addressed by the U.S. federal government in 1998, the digital divide remains concentrated among older, less educated, and less affluent populations, as well as those living in rural areas of the country that tend to have fewer connectivity choices and slower internet connections. Progress in Closing the Divide For historical perspective, the Apple-I personal computer went on sale in 1976. The first IBM PC hit the stores in 1981, and in 1992, the term â€Å"surfing the internet† was coined. In 1984, only 8% of all American households had a computer, according to the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS). By 2000, about half of all households (51%) had a computer. In 2015, this percentage grew to nearly 80%. Adding in smartphones, tablets and other internet-enabled devices, the percentage rose to 87% in 2015. However, just owning computers and connecting them to the internet are two different things. When the Census Bureau began collecting data on internet use as well as computer ownership in 1997, only 18% of households used the internet. A decade later, in 2007, this percentage had more than tripled to 62% and increased to 73% in 2015. Of the 73% of households using the internet, 77% had a high-speed, broadband connection. So who are the Americans still in the digital divide? According to the latest Census Bureau report on Computer and Internet Use in the United States compiled in 2015, both computer and internet use continue to vary based on a variety of factors, most notably, age, income, and geographic location. The Age Gap Households headed by persons 65 years and older continue to lag behind households headed by younger persons in both computer ownership and internet use. While up to 85% of households headed by a person under age 44 owned desktop or laptop computers, only 65% of households headed by a person age 65 and older owned or used a desktop or laptop in 2015. Ownership and use of handheld computers showed an even greater variation by age. While up to 90% of households headed by a person less than 44 years of age had a handheld computer, only 47% of households headed by a person 65 years and older used some type of handheld device. Similarly, while up to 84% of households headed by a person less than 44 years of age had a broadband internet connection, the same was true in only 62% of households headed by a person aged 65 and older. Interestingly, 8% of households without a desktop or laptop computer depended on smartphones alone for internet connectivity. This group included 8% of householders ages 15 to 34, versus 2% of households with householders age 65 and older. Of course, the age gap is expected narrow naturally as younger current computer and internet users grow older. The Income Gap Not surprisingly, the Census Bureau found that using a computer, whether a desktop or laptop or handheld computer, increased with household income. The same pattern was observed for a broadband internet subscription. For example, 73% of households with annual incomes of $25,000 to $49,999 owned or used a desktop or laptop, compared with only 52% of households earning less than $25,000. â€Å"Low-income households had the lowest overall connectivity, but the highest proportion of ‘handheld only’ households,† said Census Bureau demographer Camille Ryan. â€Å"Similarly, black and Hispanic households had relatively low connectivity overall but high proportions of handheld only households. As mobile devices continue to evolve and increase in popularity, it will be interesting to see what happens with this group.† The Urban vs. Rural Gap The longstanding gap in computer and internet use between urban and rural Americans not only persists but is growing wider with the increased adoption of new technologies such as the smartphone and social media. In 2015, all persons living in rural areas were less likely to use the internet than their urban counterparts. However, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NITA) found that certain groups of rural residents face a particularly wide digital divide. For example, 78% of Whites, 68% of African Americans, and 66% of Latinos nationwide use the internet. In rural areas, however, only 70% of White Americans had adopted the Internet, compared to 59% of African Americans and 61% of Latinos. Even as internet use has increased dramatically overall, the rural vs. urban gap remains. In 1998, 28% of Americans living in rural areas used the Internet, compared to 34% of those in urban areas. In 2015, over 75% of urban Americans used the internet, compared to 69% of those in rural areas. As NITA points out, the data shows a consistent 6% to 9% gap between rural and urban communities internet use over time. This trend, says NITA, shows that in spite of advances in technology and government policy, the barriers to internet use in rural America are complex and persistent. People who are less likely to use the internet no matter where they live- such as those with lower income or education level- face even greater disadvantages in rural areas. In the words of the FCC chairman, â€Å"If you live in rural America, there’s a better than a 1-in-4 chance that you lack access to fixed high-speed broadband at home, compared to a 1-in-50 probability in our cities.† In an effort to address the problem, the FCC in February 2017, created the Connect America Fund allocating up to $4.53 billion over a period of 10 years to advance high-speed 4G LTE wireless internet service primarily in rural areas. Guidelines regulating the fund will make it easier for rural communities to get federal subsidies for advancing internet availability.

Intelligences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intelligences - Essay Example An examination of both theorists' work reveals some of the underpinnings of thought while highlighting the difficulty psychology has in defining, measuring, and isolating the factors that make up intelligence. Spearman and Gardner both believed that intelligence could be quantified. Spearman used a model that incorporated two centers of intelligence, the g (general) and the s (specific) factors (RiChard, n.d.). He contended that the g-factor was overriding and there was a correlation between general intelligence and all other areas. Gardner, however, believed that the specific factors that make up intelligence were independent and that you could be good at math while having no linguistic abilities. Gardner has identified at least 7 separate and autonomous centers of intelligence (Intelligence and personality assessment, n.d.). He grouped these factors into categories called the multiple intelligences which include musical, verbal, and personal intelligence. Spearman believed that since the g-factor was present in every task, we could measure intelligence with a single test. His work instituted the general IQ test as a standard for measurement and assessment. However, Gardner believes that there is not one test to measure intelligence and that all areas must be tested separately.

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Literature - Essay Example The Story of an hour begins with a tone of anxiety when the family members express concern how to break the news to Mrs. Mallard, the main character. The reader is immediately transported into a state of anxiety and fear as he too is keen to know what the news to be broken to Mrs. Mallard is. When her sister breaks the news of the fatal accident that Mr. Mallard had met with, Mrs. Mallard bursts into tears. This is moment of ‘recognition’ as described by Aristotle, which did have the emotional effect both on the main character and the reader alike. Her reaction was different from other women of her times, which makes the moment more effective. The description of her state at learning the news creates mixed reactions in the reader. She sits motionless on the chair and then stares with a vacant look. The reader also wonders what is approaching her as she becomes powerless and whispers ‘free, free, free’. This moment is significant as it is filled with terror a nd emptiness and is successful in evoking the emotions in the reader. As the news sinks in, Mrs. Mallard seems to be elated at the thought that henceforth she would be free to do what she wants in life when the author describes, ‘she was drinking in a very elixir of life through that open window’. This is the moment of reversal because is something different from what the reader would expect from a woman who has just lost her husband. The moment of reversal comes when Mr. Mallard walks in totally unaware of what had taken place. This description too leaves the reader shocked as this was least expected. The first unexpected event is the walking in of Mr. Mallard, which itself is stunning. The second event is the moment of both recognition and reversal at the same time as Mrs. Mallard collapses on seeing her husband. The doctors declare that she died of a joy that kills. The reader wonders

Moral Panic in Contemporary Society: Islamophobia

Moral Panic in Contemporary Society: Islamophobia This essay argues that Moral Panic in the contemporary context has evolved from the historical context. Moral panic, in essence, is defined as an ephemeral but recurring condition or people stereotypically portrayed as a threat to societal values and interests by mass media (Cohen cited in Marsh Melville, 2011). This essay will use the recent ‘anti-halal hysteria’ as a case study to illustrate the contemporary moral panic of Islamophobia. Among the components discussed are the differences between historical and contemporary issues of moral panic and Cohen’s Moral Panic framework. As a start, this essay deconstructs Cohen’s definition of moral panic with reference to Islamophobia. Islamophobia is a transient but dormant issue that has recently been ‘reawakened’ in relations to the issue of halal meat circulating in the United Kingdom. It is a term used in the UK around the 1980s to 1990s as a signal rejection of and discrimination against the M uslim population due to issues of immigrations (Allen cited in Là ²pez, 2011) and recently is described as a religious intolerance due to the growing presence of the Islamic religion in the â€Å"West† (Là ²pez, 2011). First of all, this essay argues that there is a nuance shift in the issues of historical moral panic compared to contemporary moral panic. As Critcher (2002) posits, modern moral panics have altered focus. Hughes et al. (2011) further support that moral panic is now being applied to a growing range of examples by deviating from issues back in the 1960s and 1970s. Historical moral panics often focus on the issue of youths and subcultures, like the work of Stanley Cohen in the 1970s on the rockers and mods (Marsh Melville, 2011), Young’s research on the drug use of hippies in the 1960s (ibid, 2011) and Ainley (ibid, 2011)’s research on the ‘hoodies’. Meanwhile, contemporary moral panic has expanded to encompass issues of racism instead of dwelling on youth-related topics, for example, the present case study of ‘anti-halal hysteria’, ‘Islamic infiltration plot in Birmingham schools’ (McNamara, 2014) and the ‘association of crim es to Muslim women with headscraves’ (Duell, 2014). However, one may refer to Hall’s work on racism and resistance (Procter, 2004) to argue that ‘racism’ is a moral panic dated back to the 1970s. As such, this essay posits that â€Å"Islamophobia† is a contemporary moral panic that evolves from historical moral panic on xenophobia. Even though contemporary issues on moral panic have digressed from youth issues, Hughes et al. (2011) noted that ‘moral panic’ is still regularly being used in the media revolving around issues on social problems, controversies and capitalizes on people’s fear and anxiety. Islamophobia bears resemblance to the historical moral panic which exploits on people’s fear in maintaining their social status (Young cited in Hughes, et al., 2011) as Islamophobia capitalises on Britons’ fear of losing their national identity. As such, this statement underpins Richardson (2009)’s articulation that Muslims have now become the latest incarnations of folk devils. In addition, this essay argues that contemporary moral panic deviates from some of Cohen’s moral panic framework which is constructed by a linear six stages namely ‘crisis happen’, sensification, witch hunt, amplification, panic and counter-action. In the context of the anti-halal hysteria, this essay argues that the current issue does not conform to Cohen’s first stage of ‘crisis happening’ as there is apparently no actual crisis in Subway’s decision to offer halal meat in some of its stores in the first place. Instead, it is the Daily Mail’s exaggerated reporting that deliberately frames Subway’s commercial decision as a result of being ‘strongly demanded’ by the Muslims customers (Poutler, 2014). Subway on the other hand justifies their decision as purely a matter of weighing financial losses and profits as the stores are situated within heavily populated Muslim vicinities (Allen, 2014). Failing to see this as a commercial decision, the Daily Mail over-reacted and reignited the food debate protest on halal meat that was dated back in 2012, headed by British National Party (BNP)’s leader Nick Griffin (Engage, 2012). In order to explain this manipulation of media, this essay agrees with Schlesinger (cited in Critcher, 2002) that in contemporary moral panic, the media has assumed the role of primary definers as opposed to being secondary definers. According to Procter (2004), primary definers refer to the way media first look to authoritative figures particularly politicians in structuring news. Very often, original theory of moral panics posits that media’s Ideological role is tie to that of the government’s hegemony ideology (McRobbie Thornton). Contrastingly, in the context of the recent Islamophobia, the press, specifically the Daily Mail acts as the primary definer, dictating the news agenda. This shows that contemporary media does not adhere to Gramsci’s theory of hegemony (Procter, 2004). This inference contradicts with Cohen (2002)’s assertion that the media is important in reproducing and sustaining the dominant ideology instead of being transmitters or campai gners of moral panics. However, based on McRobbie and Thornton (cited in Cohen, 1999)’s assertion and in view of this latest issue, contemporary media actually sets their own agenda by instigating ordinary issues that may be contradictory to government’s policies. Therefore, demonstrating that contemporary moral panic has evolved from a historical model. Moving on, this essay recognizes that contemporary moral panic adheres to the second stage of Cohen’s model- sensification. Soon after the article on Subway is published, it is inferred that the public become sensitive to the issue of Muslim allegedly invading the local food industry. This is because according to Hughes et al. (2011), people are sensitive to issues that ‘hit the sore spot’, in this context, referring to the fear of a foreign power- the Muslims. Besides that, as the issue of halal is intentionally highlighted in the news, it increases the possibility of public in becoming aware of the said issue. On top of that, the media further saturates the public sphere with inflammatory risk discourses (Hier cited in Critcher, 2008) and headlines such as â€Å"Millions are eating halal food without knowing it†. This I infer is the media’s attempt to frame public’s negative perception towards Muslims as a means to make them aware of homegro wn Islamic extremism (Allen, 2007). Nevertheless, the essay argues that the current issue does not fit into Cohen’s third stage- ‘witch hunt’. This may be attributed to the origins and structure of the news itself in which Daily Mail’s reporting on Subway’s decision is very much biased and sensationalized. Media, as Cohen (2002) points out, often stereotypes and misrepresents deviance. As such, this essay argues that the process of ‘witch hunting’ for folk devils is omitted in the case study as the Daily Mail has, at the very beginning, embedded the stereotypical notion of â€Å"Islamophobia†, misrepresenting and accusing the Muslims for exerting pressure onto Subway. The Muslims are not ‘found’ to be the folk devil, but they are ‘framed’ to be one in a contemporary context. On top of that, such stereotypical reporting may also be explained as a journalist goal to attune to the popularity of human interest stories (McRobbie Thornton, 1995) so as to gain public readership by capitalizing on moral panics. Richardson (2009) contends news about Muslims is often presented with a hint of menace, thus suggesting the possibility of unethical journalism practice in local tabloid. Although stage three of Cohen’s model is omitted in the context of contemporary case study, the case study still conforms to Cohen’s ‘amplification’ stage as presses such as the Sun and BBC join in to amplify the initially non-existent crisis. For instance, The Sun’s overly sensationalized the news of Pizza Express using halal meat (Jones, 2014) while the BBC reported that five leading UK supermarkets are selling halal meat (BBC News, 2014). Adding on to the fuel, the Daily Mail goes on to exaggerate that Muslims are ‘stealthily taking over Britain’s supermarket’ (Poutler et al., 2014). The role of media as Luce (2013) posit is supposedly to help maintain stability in a society. However, in this context, the presses are seen to be disrupting the social order of the society. This is because it was the presses who initiate the ‘hate crime’ with alarmist reporting that agitate the issue of local food store chains and sup ermarkets selling halal meat without the consent or knowledge of customers. As such, this essay inferred that the tabloid media is trying to drive a rift between races. As a result of this amplification spiral, the initial issue on commercialized industry selling halal meat has escalated into a wider spectrum involving pressure groups such as RSPCA, National Secular Society (NSS) and British Veterinary Association (BVA). These associations are outrage by the animal slaughtering method of Muslim abattoirs following a CCTV still released by Daily Mail with the caption ‘more than 100 sheep appeared to write in agony after being ritually killed’ (Allen, 2014). The term ‘halal’ which literally means ‘permissible’ or ‘lawful’ under Islamic Law (Henley, 2013; Poutler, 2014) stated that animals must be ritually killed when it is conscious. This disparity in method of animal slaughtering has once again flared up the long-enduring heated between the pressure groups whom advocate pre-stunning before slaughtering and the deviants (the Muslims)’s ritual slaughtering. Consequently, the press has now shift ed its attention from the original issue on Subway’s commercial decision to the slaughtering method of animals, thus causing the ‘original problem’ to be obscured while this ‘deviance issue’ to escalate. Media employ highly emotive and rhetorical language (McRobbie Thornton, 1999) to distinguish ‘us’ and ‘them’ by idealizing us and demonizing (Richardson, 2009) the Muslims that they do not care about how animals are slaughtered. The press further reveals that as thousands of Britons are consuming halal food, insinuating that they have been ‘Islamized’ (Poutler, 2001). Even though the focus of issues has shifted, the underlying notion remains that of ‘Islamopohia’ (Allen, 2014). From the repercussion of the above amplification, this causes panic among the animal welfare advocates as well as the general public of the growing power of Islam. Revelation that halal meat is widely circulated and the ‘inhumane’ ritual slaughtering method of the Muslims, the term ‘anti-halal hysteria’ emerges, signifying a new wave of moral panic associated with Islamophobia. A fraction of public are explicitly showing contempt towards the Muslims by boycotting the list of stores selling halal meat while pressure groups petition for banning ritual slaughtering method. Even though this essay argues that the original problem is non-existence, the deviance issues still escalate. Last but not least, the sixth stage of Cohen’s model, counter-actions is, as this essay argues, not entirely applicable in contemporary moral panic. The notion of ‘something should be done’ is evident here but this essay finds it ironic that there is not a problem in the first place as it is simply a misrepresentation of a commercial decision by the media. Counter action in Cohen’s model refers to legislative attempt in subduing the deviants (Cohen, 2002). However, this essay argues that there is no counter action in the case study as local government retains their position in the issue of anti-halal hysteria by upholding the law of allowing religious slaughter method even though pressure groups are fervently petitioning to label and impose regulations on the sources and method of slaughtering poultry. In this context, counter-action is not taken by the government but rather a compromise position is negotiated. This is Britain’s attempt to assimilate the minorities by offering them the freedom of religion (Castle Freytas-Tamura, 2014). As a matter of fact, this essay recognizes that contemporary moral panic does not conform to Cohen’s linear static process as first of all, crisis did not happen, there is no ‘witch hunting’ process and there is no relative counter-action. As such, this essay argues that contemporary model panic is best described using attributes instead of a static process. Hence, the essay suggests looking to Goode and Ben-Yehuda’s five attributes of moral panic (concern, hostility, consensus, disproportionality and volatility) as a preferable model. Firstly, concerns over Islamophobia have always been long existed in the UK. Secondly, the term ‘anti-halal hysteria’ is a signifier of hostility towards the Muslims. Thirdly, there is consensus among the presses and pressure group that accepting that Muslim poses threats economically but also societal values. Disproportionality is demonstrated through the actions of pressure group in calling for the ban of halal meat as it does not resolve the issue of Islamophobia. Lastly, contemporary moral panic fits the characteristics of being volatile as the following issue dominating local news on Islamophobia is the British National Party protesting over the plans for a new mosque in Hemel Hempstead (Pitt, 2014) once again showing that moral panic is on-going. As a conclusion, the utility of moral panic is no doubt necessary in enhancing our understanding of new cases to which it has been extended (Hughes et al., 2011). Studies on moral panic is not static (Hughes, et al., 2011) as it is constantly revised, extended and developed (ibid, 2011). Moral panics are ‘not just one-off events but it is their reappearance that confirms their status as moral disturbances of any significant order’ (Young cited in Marsh Melville, 2011). This essay argues that media do not report facts but rather conjectures about Subway’s decision. Even though stages of establishing moral panic is not static and may overlap occasionally, some attributes of moral panic is still very much identifiable (Jewkes cited in Marsh Melville, 2011). Islamophobia has been infused into the everyday life of modern Britain (Allen, 200) and will always be an on-going issue but just that the focus on issue shifts and even sometimes incorporates or bring other iss ues into the picture.

None of The Above Voting Essay

None of The Above or â€Å"against all† vote is designed in order to allow the voter to indicate his/her disapproval of all the candidates in the voting system. Election is all about choosing the right candidate, not voting against or showing dissatisfaction over a particular party. Points in Favor-  · Gives true meaning to democracy  · People will be able to express what they actually want  · Political parties can project right and clear candidates  · Promotes spirit of democracy The right purpose of democracy is to choose a leader who is fit to run the constituency. A leader has to be selected if he/she is the right candidate, the decision should not be biased. Here, NOTA is a good option because this choice is always better than no voting. At least the political parties can know what people are looking for and right candidates can be presented. It would foster purity and vibrancy of elections, and more and more people will come to vote in order to express whether they are satisfied with the candidates, the political parties represent. Points against NOTA-  · Lack of proper mechanism  · May lead to wastage of time and money  · Can also lead to re-election Even if 90% of the voters choose NOTA, the majority of the remaining 10% will be the winner.so there will be no point for the voters to choose NOTA. Apart from this, it can be wastage of time. Suppose all the voters choose the NOTA option, then what is point of election? India is a democratic country where leaders are chosen on the basis of votes and if none of the candidates are selected then the whole election is a waste of time. Also it can lead to wastage of money because if no party wins or gets the majority of votes, re-election will be held, requiring a lot of spending.

All About Red Maple Trees and Where to Plant Them

Red maple is the state tree of Rhode Island and its Autumn Blaze cultivar was selected 2003 Tree of the Year by the Society of Municipal Arborists. Red maple is one of the first trees to show off red flowers in the spring and displays a most magnificent scarlet fall color. Red maple is a fast grower without the bad habits of fast growers. It quickly makes shade without the compromise of becoming brittle and messy. The most endearing ornamental characteristic of red maple is fall color including red, orange, or yellow which  sometimes on the same tree. The color display is long lasting over several weeks and often one of the first trees to color up in autumn. This maple puts on one of the most brilliant displays of any tree in the landscape with a great variety of  fall colors with variable intensities. Nursery developed cultivars are more consistently colored. Habit and Range Red maple transplants easily at any age, has an oval shape and is a fast grower with strong wood and grows into a medium-large tree of about 40 to 70. The red maple occupies one of the largest eastern north-south ranges in North America—from Canada to the tip of Florida. The tree is very tolerant and grows in nearly any condition. These trees are often much shorter in the southern part of its range unless growing next to a stream or on a wet site. This maple tree is far superior to its Acer cousins silver maple and boxelder and just as fast growing. Still, when planting the species  Acer rubrum, you would benefit by  selecting only varieties which have been grown from seed sources in your area and this maple may not do well in the southernmost USDA Plant Zone 9. The beginning of  leaf buds, red flowers, and unfolding fruits indicate that spring has arrived. The seeds of red maple are quite popular with squirrels and birds. This tree can sometimes be  confused with red-leaved cultivars of Norway maple. Strong Cultivars Here are some of the best cultivars of  red maple: Armstrong: Grows in all 50 states, has attractive silver-gray bark, columnar  in shape, spectacular  red to orange to yellow leaf color.Bowhall:  Grows in all 50 states,  somewhat pyramidal shape, very similar to Norway maple, red to orange to yellow leaf display.Autumn Blaze: Plant zones 4-8, hybrid of silver maple and red maple. Identification of Red Maple The leaves: deciduous, opposite, long-petioled, blades 6-10 cm long and usually about as wide, with 3 shallow short-pointed lobes, sometimes with two smaller lobes near the base, dull green and smooth above, lighter green or silvery beneath and more or less hairy. The flowers: pink to dark red, about 3 mm long, the male flowers are fascicled and the female flowers are in drooping racemes. The flowers are functionally male or female, and individual trees may be all male or all female or some trees may have both types, each type on a separate branch (the species technically polygamodioecious), or the flowers may be functionally bisexual. Fruits: winged nutlets (samaras) in a pair, 2-2.5 cm long, clustered on long stalks, red to red-brown. The common name is in reference to the red twigs, buds, flowers, and fall leaves.   From the  USDA/NRCS Plant Guide Expert Comments It is a tree for all seasons that develops into an attractive yard specimen under a great range of soil and climatic conditions. -Guy Sternberg, Native Trees for North American LandscapesThe red, red maple. Native to the wet soils of Americas eastern half, it has become one of the Nations favorite—if not the hardiest—street trees. -Arthur Plotnik, The Urban Tree BookReddish flowers appear in early spring and are followed by red fruit. The smooth gray bark is quite attractive, particularly on young plants. -Michael Dirr, Dirrs Hardy Trees and Shrubs P